{"id":2400,"date":"2026-10-11T14:12:44","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T12:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geospector.de\/stormwater-retention-facilities-on-highways-design-function-and-maintenance\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T13:27:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T11:27:30","slug":"stormwater-retention-highways","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/stormwater-retention-highways\/","title":{"rendered":"Stormwater Retention Facilities on Highways: Design, Function and Maintenance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2400\" class=\"elementor elementor-2400 elementor-2220\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37de397 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"37de397\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;waves&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M421.9,6.5c22.6-2.5,51.5,0.4,75.5,5.3c23.6,4.9,70.9,23.5,100.5,35.7c75.8,32.2,133.7,44.5,192.6,49.7\n\tc23.6,2.1,48.7,3.5,103.4-2.5c54.7-6,106.2-25.6,106.2-25.6V0H0v30.3c0,0,72,32.6,158.4,30.5c39.2-0.7,92.8-6.7,134-22.4\n\tc21.2-8.1,52.2-18.2,79.7-24.2C399.3,7.9,411.6,7.5,421.9,6.5z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-581fe65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"581fe65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Technical article \u00b7 Part 1 of 3<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2318d6 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2318d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stormwater Retention Facilities on Highways: Design, Function and Maintenance<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae7b14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8ae7b14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/kontakt\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arrange a consultation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aee998c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aee998c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b9fdd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b9fdd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Dipl.-Ing. David Mauro, Geospector Munich \u2013 article series \u201cStormwater retention facilities on federal highways\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-706728e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"706728e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>This article series presents the stormwater retention facilities along Germany\u2019s federal highways, how they work and the challenges involved in operating them. The facilities \u2013 often also called stormwater retention basins (RRB) \u2013 make an essential contribution to flood protection and prevent pollutants from entering the environment.<\/strong><\/p><p>They are largely invisible to the public, even though they can be found in large numbers along highways and federal roads \u2013 roughly one every kilometer. The first part of this series explains their purpose and their basic functions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6322403 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6322403\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c43ab36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c43ab36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c01c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7c01c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Germany has around <strong>24,000<\/strong> stormwater retention facilities, around <strong>10,000<\/strong> of them along highways.<\/li><li>Of these, <strong>6,000\u20137,000<\/strong> facilities along highways alone have a permanent pool.<\/li><li>1 km of highway in heavy rain: almost <strong>8,000 liters of rainwater per minute<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Cleaning out a silted-up facility can easily cost more than <strong>EUR 100,000<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442a3cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"442a3cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The basic problem: precipitation on sealed surfaces<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6c3e3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6c3e3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlike precipitation on open land or water bodies, rain falling on compacted or sealed surfaces cannot simply seep away but has to be collected and drained in a controlled way. During thunderstorms and heavy rain in particular, however, such large volumes of water accumulate in a short time that they first have to be stored temporarily for flood protection. Only then are they slowly discharged into the sewer system or downstream water bodies so as not to flood them.<\/p><p>Cities as a whole are sealed surfaces, and the buffer facilities are usually built underground. The stormwater retention facility beneath the Hirschgarten park in Munich, for example, with a capacity of 90,000 m\u00b3, is one of the largest in Europe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86cfce4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86cfce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Roads are sealed surfaces with additional special features<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8068b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8068b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roads are also sealed surfaces and must be treated accordingly, unless they are really narrow and drained, for example, by parallel infiltration ditches. One kilometer of highway (two lanes plus hard shoulder) corresponds to an area of around 2.5 hectares. In a typical heavy rainfall event of 20 liters per square meter per hour, which can occur several times a year, almost 8,000 liters of rainwater accumulate per minute. It goes without saying that without a buffer, these volumes of water would overload a sewer system or immediately flood receiving waters such as streams or smaller rivers \u2013 which is why retention facilities are necessary.<\/p><p>With road runoff, however, it must also be taken into account that it is usually contaminated with various pollutants that require further treatment of the water.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbf9cbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fbf9cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A wide range of pollutants in road runoff<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-934e3a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"934e3a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Apart from accidents, in which operating fluids such as oils and fuels can get directly onto the road, normal traffic alone is a major source of all kinds of pollutants. In addition to dust and fine particulates, a large share is accounted for by tire and road wear particles (TRWP), which are produced by direct abrasion between tires and the road surface, with the higher driving speeds on highways in particular contributing significantly. A large proportion of TRWP consists of microplastics, and road traffic is believed to be responsible for half of the microplastics released into the environment. Their toxicity has been the subject of numerous studies for some time.<\/p><p>Other sources of pollutants include brake dust. And even though asbestos was replaced by other materials long ago, chemical analyses reveal a number of substances, some of them highly toxic, that must not be allowed to enter the environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803aaed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"803aaed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Complex stormwater treatment facilities are necessary for road runoff<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c66c86f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c66c86f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A pure retention function is therefore not sufficient for road runoff. It requires multi-stage stormwater treatment, which is usually structured according to the following scheme:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4e11f3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b4e11f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1022\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Schema_Regenwasserbehandlung.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2215\" alt=\"Diagram of a stormwater treatment facility: sewer system, baffle wall, settling zone, retention zone, throttle and receiving water, with material flows of water, light liquids and sediments\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Schema_Regenwasserbehandlung.jpg 1022w, https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Schema_Regenwasserbehandlung-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Schema_Regenwasserbehandlung-768x172.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1022px) 100vw, 1022px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Schematic layout of a stormwater treatment facility with the material flows of water, light liquids and sediments<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b913d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b913d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><strong>Collection:<\/strong> Surface water is collected via gullies along the shoulders or median strip, fed into a sewer system and conveyed by natural gradient to the stormwater treatment facilities located in depressions along the highway.<\/li><li><strong>Light liquid separator (baffle wall):<\/strong> In the first step, it retains floating substances such as oils and fuels at the water surface and is particularly important in the event of accidents.<\/li><li><strong>Settling zone:<\/strong> Here the runoff flows slowly through a basin area so that the pollutants described above can settle on the bottom as sediment.<\/li><li><strong>Retention zone:<\/strong> Only now does the water reach a larger retention zone, which provides the original buffer function. Outflow from here is via overflow weirs or throttle systems that ensure the discharge rates are limited.<\/li><li><strong>Polishing zone (optional):<\/strong> Occasionally this is followed by an area through which the water flows slowly and is further cleaned by vegetation and biological processes.<\/li><li><strong>Receiving water:<\/strong> Finally, the treated water is returned to the environment \u2013 in the case of highways away from settlements, usually into a natural water body.<\/li><\/ol><p>The original retention basin has thus evolved into a complex hydrological facility that can be implemented in a wide variety of ways.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4188158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4188158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Many designs and historical development<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f1c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88f1c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The first facilities in Germany were built together with the trunk road network, especially the highways in the first half of the 20th century, and many of them are still in operation unchanged. Over time, requirements \u2013 above all for environmental protection \u2013 have increased, and a wide variety of designs have been tried out to find the optimum facility efficiency, also with regard to maintenance and operation. Only recently have there been efforts toward standardization, such as the \u201cRiStWag\u201d facilities in water protection areas designed by the German Road and Transportation Research Association (FGSV).<\/p><p>Germany thus has around 24,000 facilities, around 10,000 of them along highways alone (i.e. roughly one every kilometer), which come in different designs:<\/p><ul><li>above-ground or underground facilities<\/li><li>number of basins (the individual sub-functions can be implemented in one basin or distributed over several)<\/li><li>near-natural ponds or basins with a concrete bottom<\/li><li>with a permanent pool as a biotope, or drying out<\/li><li>sizes varying widely depending on local conditions<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-861c240 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"861c240\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Extensive upkeep and maintenance work<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e1902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64e1902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Operation requires extensive work to be carried out at regular intervals (e.g. annually) or after special events (e.g. heavy rain), for example:<\/p><ul><li>regular mowing and cleaning of the surrounding areas<\/li><li>inspection for damage to the structure<\/li><li>inspection of safety equipment (e.g. fences, railings)<\/li><li>inspection and repair of the hydraulic elements, e.g. the throttle device<\/li><li>annual <a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sedimentbestimmung\/\">sediment measurement<\/a> to ensure the settling and retention function<\/li><\/ul><p>The last point in particular is not trivial to solve and is examined in more detail in <a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sediment-measurement-retention-basins\/\">Part 2<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0cf1db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0cf1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Continuous sedimentation requires regular inspections and rehabilitation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-754a81c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"754a81c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The facilities are generally dimensioned to provide an adequate settling and retention function even during unusually severe weather events. However, the continuous inflow of settleable solids leads to increasing silting of the bed, especially in the settling zone, which can impair the settling and retention function.<\/p><p>The operating regulations therefore require an inspection at least once a year. If sludge depths or volumes exceed specified limits, the facilities must be cleaned out.<\/p><p>Cleaning is usually laborious and costly, especially for facilities with a permanent pool: aquatic life often has to be \u201cparked\u201d elsewhere beforehand, and chemical analyses and approval procedures have to be carried out. Only then can the sludge, which is sometimes meters deep, be removed, e.g. by a floating dredger, dried and landfilled. Because the pollutants are often highly toxic, corresponding fees are charged by special landfills, so cleaning out a facility can easily cost more than EUR 100,000.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df28993 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"df28993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Risk: pollutants entering the environment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e7460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e7460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The elements referred to above as \u201cpollutants\u201d are therefore usually analyzed chemically before the sediment is removed in order to assess their toxicity. These substances are typically found in high concentrations, so disposal in special landfills is required: arsenic, lead, cadmium, chloride, cyanide, hydrocarbons, copper, mercury, sulfate, zinc.<\/p><p>In poorly maintained facilities, these substances enter the environment in two ways:<\/p><ul><li>First, road runoff laden with pollutants flows through the settling zones too quickly for the pollutants to be retained effectively. Due to its low specific density, this applies above all to microplastics.<\/li><li>Second, especially in turbulent flow, pollutants that have already settled can be carried away from the sediment surface.<\/li><\/ul><p>The consequences are the same in both cases: ongoing pollution of the surrounding environment and the downstream water cycle \u2013 possibly even reaching drinking water.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deb611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3deb611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Risk: flooding and malfunctions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78cf866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78cf866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The risk of flooding of downstream water bodies by unbuffered surges is obvious. However, flooding can also occur within the facility itself, temporarily rendering important functional and safety equipment ineffective or even damaging it. The following example shows a baffle wall acting as a light liquid separator that was flooded after a heavy rainfall event, completely disabling its function. Pollutants such as oil, gasoline or diesel could enter the environment directly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16799d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16799d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1282c8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1282c8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd54611 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd54611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_Normalzustand.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2217\" alt=\"Baffle wall acting as a light liquid separator of a stormwater retention facility in normal condition\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_Normalzustand.jpg 475w, https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_Normalzustand-300x146.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Baffle wall in normal condition<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6232b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b6232b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd11157 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dd11157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_ueberflutet.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2219\" alt=\"Flooded baffle wall after a heavy rainfall event \u2013 the light liquid separator is out of action\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_ueberflutet.jpg 478w, https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/RRB_Teil1_Tauchwand_ueberflutet-300x142.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The same baffle wall after heavy rain: flooded and ineffective<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80c328a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80c328a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Challenging inspections of facilities with a permanent pool<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4515a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4515a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A clean facility, i.e. one without major sediment and sludge inflow, is therefore essential for safe operation, in order to prevent pollutants from entering the environment and to avoid flood risks. Appropriate measurements are therefore mandatory as part of routine maintenance. First of all, efficient ongoing monitoring of the criteria that trigger a clean-out is necessary. Subsequently, the inflow volumes must be determined precisely in order to obtain a reliable basis for planning, e.g. for tenders.<\/p><p>In practice, however, reliably measuring the inflow quantities often runs into major problems and is unexpectedly laborious. This applies above all to facilities with a permanent pool, of which there are 6,000\u20137,000 along German highways alone.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sediment-measurement-retention-basins\/\">Part 2<\/a> explains the measurement challenges in more detail and presents possible solutions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-730a4c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"730a4c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17865ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17865ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The article series at a glance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b051db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b051db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Part 1: Introduction and functional description<\/strong> (this article)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sediment-measurement-retention-basins\/\">Part 2: Measurement challenges for safe operation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sludge-depth-retention-basins\/\">Part 3: Findings from drone surveys across Germany<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sediment-volume-determination\/\">Supplement: Pitfalls in determining sediment volume<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5957777 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5957777\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-641491c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"641491c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Have the sludge depth in your facilities measured?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1b86d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1b86d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the <a style=\"color:#FFFFFF;text-decoration:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/sedimentbestimmung\/\">Geospector Sludge Check<\/a>, we survey the sediment surface and bed of your stormwater retention facilities area-wide by drone \u2013 without a boat and without the need for an existing baseline survey.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4504251 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4504251\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/en\/kontakt\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arrange a consultation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15bee85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15bee85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490ea87 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"490ea87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The full article is also available as a PDF download (in German).<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac8b06 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ac8b06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9c0e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe9c0e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/geospector.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Geospector_RRB_1_Einfuehrung.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d3773b elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"4d3773b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"40\" height=\"41\" viewBox=\"0 0 40 41\" fill=\"none\"><g 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25.748 19.476 26.006 20.242C26.266 21.01 26.394 21.954 26.394 23.078C26.394 24.066 26.274 24.918 26.03 25.632C25.734 26.506 25.31 27.212 24.762 27.752C24.348 28.162 23.788 28.482 23.082 28.712C22.556 28.88 21.85 28.964 20.968 28.964H16.47V16.964ZM18.86 18.994V26.942H20.644C21.312 26.942 21.794 26.904 22.09 26.828C22.478 26.728 22.8 26.564 23.054 26.328C23.31 26.094 23.52 25.708 23.68 25.17C23.842 24.632 23.922 23.9 23.922 22.972C23.922 22.044 23.842 21.332 23.682 20.836C23.555 20.3984 23.3213 19.9991 23.002 19.674C22.6933 19.3859 22.3102 19.1898 21.896 19.108C21.562 19.032 20.908 18.994 19.936 18.994H18.86ZM27.886 28.964V16.964H36V18.994H30.276V21.834H35.216V23.864H30.276V28.964H27.886Z\" fill=\"#CA3728\"><\/path><\/g><defs><clipPath id=\"clip0_131_932\"><rect width=\"40\" height=\"40\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 0.5)\"><\/rect><\/clipPath><\/defs><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6a04b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c6a04b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Part 1: Introduction and functional description (PDF in German)<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technical article \u00b7 Part 1 of 3 Stormwater Retention Facilities on Highways: Design, Function and Maintenance Arrange a consultation Dipl.-Ing. David Mauro, Geospector Munich \u2013 article series \u201cStormwater retention facilities on federal highways\u201d This article series presents the stormwater retention facilities along Germany\u2019s federal highways, how they work and the challenges involved in operating them. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2213,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2400","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stormwater Retention Facilities on Highways: Design, Function and Maintenance - Geospector<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How do stormwater retention basins on highways work? 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